Information - About Roman Glass

The breathtaking shards of glass Angie Olami uses in her jewelry date from 100 BCE to 300 CE. They were unearthed in Israel by archaeologists sifting through the fallen pillars and once magnificent cities of the Roman Empire.

Although glassmakers in Egypt and Mesopotamia had been melting sand and various sodium-rich materials together for several hundred years before the word Caesar was ever once uttered, it was during the Roman Empire that glass making was revolutionized by the invention of glass blowing.

In Israel, as in most of the Mediterranean, local beach sand provided not only glass's primary ingredient -- silica - but also a fortuitously substantial amount of lime derived from crushed marine shells, which enhanced its durability. The recipe for glassmaking remains pretty much the same today. Mix in a hot furnace two parts of this sand with one part of a sodium rich material (in the old days they used Egyptian Natron, scraped from salt lake deposits at Wadi el Natrun and incidentally the embalming agent in Egyptian mummification), and, presto, GLASS! The glass made in Israel had traces of iron or potassium, which caused the slight tinge of aqua or green often characteristic of "Roman Glass."

Findings of glassworking debris from Jerusalem suggest that sometime during the decades before Pompey's conquest of that region (67 BC), there had been some experimentation with the sealing and inflation of one end of the kind of tubing that was normally used in beadmaking. Scholars speculate that at some point an ingenious little fellow added a long clay tube to such a nozzle and invented the type of blowpipe that was to become the essential tool for glassblowers from that day forward. Within two hundred years this technical innovation affected nothing less than an industrial revolution. Where bulky glass bowls were once the rare provenance of royalty, glass vessels spread throughout the empire, filling palaces and common cupboards from Britannia to Alexandria.

And how do those colors form? The layers of iridescent colors have evolved gradually over the centuries as part of the glass's chemical reaction to the sun, the water, and the mineral rich earth in which it was buried. A series of geological and climatic phenomena coincided to enable the formation and preservation of these riotous colors. Due to the extremes of temperature in the Middle East, the elements in the glass shards restructured themselves during the relentless cycles of dry heat and flash floods. Microscopically thin layers or films of silica rose to the top because heat caused the sand (silica and oxygen) to separate back out from the sodium; then water trickled through the soil and drew out sodium atoms. Each of these films, called "patina", wrap around the vessel and their surfaces scatter the light in such a way as to produce these gorgeous blues, purples, and pinks. There has been glass found in England and Northern Europe dating back at least 1700 years, but mostly it lacks the opalescence associated with Roman Glass because the natural phenomenon could not occur in their cold, damp climates. Angie Olami's suppliers of Roman Glass are all licensed by the Israeli Government Antiquities Authority. Whole vessels are carted off to the museums and archaologists keep whatever they need for research. We buy the fragments - useless garbage to some, but magnificent gems to us!

Angie Olami jewelry is made from the handblown fragments of ancient perfume pots, juglets, lamps, flasks, vases, cups, and bowls. Each fragment varies in thickness, age, and composition. Each piece underwent its own unique transformation as it became weathered with layers of patina. If a shard doesn't sit exactly straight in its bezel, remember it is someone's wine glass you are wanting to wear in your ear!